IAST
IAST是國際梵語轉寫字母的英語名稱(International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration)的縮寫,是學術上對於梵語轉寫的標準,而隨着Unicode字型的普及,亦變成了一般出版界,如書籍及雜誌的非業界標準,它在電子文本的使用亦因此而相應地增加。這項標準是於1912年在雅典舉行的東方學會議裡訂立的。
IAST是一種可以讓梵語及其他婆羅謎語系語言達至無損失的轉寫,例如:克什米爾語的傳統文字沙拉達文(Śāradā ), and as such represents not only the phonemes of Sanskrit, but allows essentially phonetic transcription (e.g. Visarga ḥ is an allophone of word-final r and s).
| अ
[ə] |
आ
[ɑː] |
इ
[i] |
ई
[iː] |
उ
[u] |
ऊ
[uː] |
ऋ
[ɹ̩] |
ॠ
[ɹ̩ː] |
ऌ
[l̩] |
ॡ
[l̩ː] |
vowels |
| ए
[eː] |
ऐ
[aːi] |
ओ
[oː] |
औ
[aːu] |
diphthongs |
| अं
[ⁿ] |
anusvara |
| अः
[h] |
visarga |
| velars | palatals | retroflexes | dentals | labials | |
| क
[k] |
च
[c] |
ट
[ʈ] |
त
[t̪] |
प
[p] |
unvoiced stops |
| ख
[kʰ] |
छ
[cʰ] |
ठ
[ʈʰ] |
थ
[t̪ʰ] |
फ
[pʰ] |
aspirated unvoiced stops |
| ग
[g] |
ज
[ɟ] |
ड
[ɖ] |
द
[d̪] |
ब
[b] |
voiced stops |
| घ
[gʰ] |
झ
[ɟʰ] |
ढ
[ɖʰ] |
ध
[d̪ʰ] |
भ
[bʰ] |
aspirated voiced stops |
| ङ
[ŋ] |
ञ
[ɲ] |
ण
[ɳ] |
न
[n] |
म
[m] |
nasal |
| य
[j] |
र
[r] |
ल
[l] |
व
[v] |
semi-vowels | |
| श
[ɕ] |
ष
[ʂ] |
स
[s] |
sibilants | ||
| ह
[ɦ] |
voiced fricative |


