基督教共產主義
维库，知识与思想的自由文库
基督教共产主义是一种宗教共产主义，是一种理论、政治思想，它基于这么一种理念：基于耶稣基督的教导，基督徒赞成共产主义是理想的社会系统。这种主义的创建时间有争议，不过许多基督教共产主义者声言，圣经里的证据显示，包括十二门徒在内的首批基督徒在耶稣去世及复活后的数年建立了小型的共产主义社会。同样地，基督教共产主义的许多鼓吹者认为，共产主义由耶稣教导，为十二门徒所实践。在这点上，他们与其他基督徒有高度的争论。 基督教共产主义可视为基督教社会主义的一种极端形式。同时，基于歷史上有許多许多基督教共产主义者成立獨立於國家體系之外的社群的事实，该主义可与基督教无政府主义建立联系。对于马克思主义的许多不同部分，基督教共产主义者可能同意其中的一些，不同意其中的另一些。他们显然不会同意绝大多数马克思主义者的无神论观点。此外，他们有时不同意马克思主义者（尤其是列宁主义者）对社会主义/共产主义社会的组成形式的架构。不过他们同意诸如剩余价值理论等马主义的经济方面的部分理论、资本主义->社会主义->共产主义的进化理论。 大体上说，基督教共产主义是一种独立发展起来的基督教共产主义，绝大多数基督教共产主义接受马克思共产主义者的结论，而不接受其前提基础。
[编辑] 历史大体上说，作为政治运动的共产主义史可分为两个时期：早期的（马克思之前的）和当代的（马克思时代及之后）。在早期，共产主义可能在日常的基督教裏扮演过重要角色，而基督教肯定在共产主义理论的发展裏扮演过重要角色。然而，在当代的共产主义运动中，基督教共产主义并不是主流的观点，许多信仰基督教的共产主义者试图成为世俗的共产主义机构的成员 -- 当代的许多（可能是绝大多数）共产主义者都是无神论者。 [编辑] 早期[编辑] 當代
这个时期的欧洲，不再是那个曾在19世纪首先兴起基督教共产主义的地方了。宗教思想（Religious sentiment）已经大大弱化，尤其是在the Protestant North。冷战意味着any communist was immediately associated with the Soviet Union。And this was even more true in North America, where McCarthyism held sway。因此，基督教共产主义不可能在其欧洲和北美的发源地重建。 然而，一个新的基督教共产主义再次出现了，在一个所有人都意想不到的地方——拉美。这是一个源于早期欧洲和北美运动的独立的发展（separate development）。拉丁美洲基督教共产主义具有一个强有力的liberation theology的趋势，它是一场团结了共产主义者和其他社会主义者（socialists)的旨在关注社会公正公平的专门基督教运动（specifically Christian movement）。Liberation theology is predominantly Catholic in origin,起源于罗马天主教占据基督教派主导地位的拉丁美洲，but there have also been liberation theologians from many other denominations. Liberation theology experienced significant growth during the 1960s and 70s, and many liberation theologians (including bishops and other prominent clergymen) supported the Sandinista government of Nicaragua in the 1980s. Liberation theology later came under attack from the central Catholic leadership in Rome, particularly cardinal Ratzinger (the current Pope Benedict XVI). This effectively prevented it from growing further, though it retains significant support both among clergymen and the general population today.--> [编辑] 基督教共产主义者
[编辑] 争议[编辑] 共产主义还是地方自治主义[编辑] 无神论与共产主义[编辑] 自由抉择[编辑] 政府Communism, as such, implies not only the abolition of social classes and private property, but the state as well. Christian communists, like all communists, do not wish to abolish the state in the near future; rather, they seek to abate it gradually over a long period of time. Nevertheless, the fact that they do support the eventual dissolution of government has drawn criticism from other Christians who attribute an intrinsic, hierarchical government to the kingdom of God. Most notably, Biblical prophecy in the Book of Isaiah 9:6-7 holds that the Second Coming of Jesus will result in the creation of a government by God on Earth:
One Christian communist reply is that a government by God is fundamentally different from a government by human beings, and that they oppose the latter but not the former. Some Christian communists argue that the Second Coming will render all human politics irrelevant, and therefore their political goals — including the creation of a communist society and the abolition of government — only apply to the period of time left before the Second Coming. Others believe that the utopian society established by Jesus after the Second Coming will practice many, but not all, of the features of communism. [编辑] 建立基督教共产主义[编辑] 对圣经解释的其它争论[编辑] 外部连接 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
