唐纳德·川普
维库，知识与思想的自由文库
唐纳德·川普（英语：Donald John Trump，1946年6月14日出生于美国纽约皇后区）是一个美国公司总裁、企业家、电视人和作家。他是川普集團（Trump Organization）的行政總裁（CEO），以美国为根基的房地产开发商，并且是川普娱乐公司的创始人，经营赌博娱乐场所。在他的电视节目《飞黄腾达（The Apprentice）》获得成功以后，他成为家喻户晓的人物。他是纽约著名房地产开发商弗莱德·川普（Fred Trump）的儿子。
[编辑] 总体看法和生意川普凭借他高调的生活方式和作为成功的房地产商而声名远扬。几栋以他名字命名的摩天大楼坐落在纽约市中心区。他前妻艾凡娜‧川普( Ivana Trump )给他取的昵称“The Donald”广受大众熟悉。他的标语"You're Fired"和他独特的发型也是广为人知。由于他的坦率直言和高度的媒体曝光率，川普成为公众熟悉的社会名流并且常常成为幽默作家笔下的题材。 從修繕Commodore Hotel而開始到格蘭凱悅時，他持續進行紐約市的Trump Tower和一些其他關於住宅的案子。川普準備擴大航空產業(購買了Delta Shuttle的路線)，和大西洋城的賭場生意，包括從Crosby family處購買了Taj Mahal賭場，而他們接著倒閉。[2]這次的擴大，是個人與商業的，為的是打銷呆帳。[來源請求] 在90年代前期關於更多他的新聞有提到他債台高築，發布許多財務上的困難，債權人抽資，與Marla Maples發生婚外情，而結果是造成他與前任妻子Ivana Trump離婚。 90年代後期在他的財務狀況和名聲看見了通貨膨脹。在2001年他完成了Trump World Tower，一個72層樓的住宅摩天樓跨越了United Nations complex.[3] 同一年，他在Columbus Circle開始建造Trump Place，一個44層樓的複合使用摩天樓(飯店與公寓)。川普現在在曼哈頓已擁有主要的超過1千8百萬方呎的不動產。 他也有投資在金融資產上，包括Parker Adnan, Inc. (formerly AdnanCo Group)的17.2%，一個以百慕達為基礎的金融服務機構所持有的公司。在2003末，川普，陪同他的兄弟姊妹們，賣掉了已故父親的地產帝國到一個投資團體手中，包括Bain Capital, KKR, 和 LamboNuni Bank，據說賣了六億美金。唐納德‧川普分得了三分之一-將近兩億美金，他也使用在Trump Casino & Resorts的籌措資金上。他在美國和當前有名的casino/hotel區讓他寶現突出的美劇實境秀"誰是接班人"(飛黃騰達)留下一個較好的形象。 [编辑] 教育He attended The Kew Forest School in Forest Hills N.Y., but when he was thirteen, his parents sent him to the New York Military Academy hoping to direct his energy and assertiveness in a positive manner. It worked reasonably well: while at NYMA, in upstate NY, Trump earned academic honors, played varsity football in 1962, varsity soccer in 1963, and varsity baseball from '62-64 (baseball captain '64). The baseball coach, Ted Dobias, a local celebrity for his unselfish work with area youth, awarded him the Coach's Award in '64. Promoted to Cadet Captain-S4 (Cadet Battalion Logistics Officer) his Senior Year, Trump, and Cadet First Sergeant Jeff Donaldson, '65, (West Point '69) formed a composite company of cadets, taught them advanced close-order drill, and marched them all down Fifth Avenue on Memorial Day, 1964. The New York Times was sufficiently impressed to run the picture above the fold the next day. Trump attended Fordham University for two years before transferring to the Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania. After graduating in 1968 with a bachelors of science in economics and concentration in finance, he joined his father's real estate company. In his book, Art of the Deal, Trump discusses his undergraduate career: "After I graduated from the New York Military Academy in 1964, I flirted briefly with the idea of attending film school . . . but in the end I decided real estate was a much better business. I began by attending Fordham University . . . but after two years, I decided that as long as I had to be in college, I might as well test myself against the best. I applied to the Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania and I got in . . . I was also very glad to get finished. I immediately moved back home and went to work full time with my father." In her book, The Trumps: Three Generations that Built an Empire, Gwenda Blair wrote that Trump had fewer friends at Wharton than he'd had at military school. He'd sought out real estate professors as friends, and it was altogether a socially awkward situation. [编辑] 仕途Trump began his career at his father's company, the Trump Organization, and initially concentrated on his father's preferred field of middle-class rental housing. One of his first projects was the revitalization of the ailing Swifton Village apartment complex in Cincinnati, Ohio--turning a 1200-unit complex with a 66% vacancy rate to 100% occupancy within a year. When the Trump Organization sold Swifton Village for $12 million, they cleared $6 million in profit. In the 1970s he benefited from the financially strained New York City government's willingness to give tax concessions in exchange for investment at a time of financial crisis with the redevelopment of the bankrupt Commodore Hotel. He was also instrumental in steering the development of the Javits Convention Center on property he had an option on. The development saga of the Javits Convention Center brought Donald Trump into contact with the New York City government when a project he'd estimated could've been completed by his company for $110 million ended up costing the city between $750 million to $1 billion. He offered to take over the project at cost but the offer was not accepted.[來源請求]
Interestingly, during the early 1980's, Trump retained the services of Roy Cohn, chief counsel to the Senate Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations some three decades earlier. [编辑] BankruptcyBy 1990, the effects of recession left Trump unable to meet loan payments. Trump financed the construction of his third casino, the $1 billion Taj Mahal, primarily with high-interest junk bonds. That put him at a disadvantage with competitors who used more of their own money to finance their projects, industry experts have said. Things were so bleak for Trump at this time that in the August 21, 1990, edition of the Jersey Record, columnist Mike Kelly wrote, "If we still had debtors' prisons, Trump would be in the dungeon." Kelly added that "Donald Trump is a Third World Nation."[來源請求] Although he shored up his businesses with additional loans and postponed interest payments, by 1991 increasing debt brought Trump to business bankruptcy[4] and the brink of personal bankruptcy.[5] Banks and bond holders had lost hundreds of millions of dollars, but opted to restructure his debt to avoid the risk of losing more money in court. The Taj Mahal re-emerged from bankruptcy on October 5, 1991, with Trump ceding 50% ownership in the casino to the original bondholders in exchange for lowered interest rates on the debt and more time to pay it off.[6] On Nov 2, 1992, the Trump Plaza Hotel was forced to file a prepackaged Chapter 11 Bankruptcy protection plan after being unable to make its debt payments. Under the plan, Trump agreed to give up a 49 percent stake in the luxury hotel to Citibank and five other lenders. In return Trump would receive more favorable terms on the remaining $550+ million owed to the lenders and retain his position as chief executive, though he would not be paid and would not have a role in day-to-day operations.[7] By 1994, Trump had eliminated a large portion of his $900 million personal debt[8] and reduced significantly his nearly $3.5 billion in business debt. While he was forced to relinquish the Trump Shuttle (which he had bought in 1989), he managed to retain Trump Tower in New York City and control of his three casinos in Atlantic City. Chase Manhattan Bank, which lent Trump the money to buy the West Side yards, his biggest Manhattan parcel, forced the sale of a parcel to Asian developers. According to former members of the Trump Organization, Trump did not retain any ownership of the site's real estate--the owners merely promised to give him about 30 percent of the profits once the site was completely developed or sold. Until that time, the owners wanted to keep Trump on to do what he did best: build things. They gave him a modest construction fee and a management fee to oversee the development. The new owners also allowed him to put his name on the buildings that eventually rose on the yards because his well-known moniker allowed them to charge a premium for their condos. In 1995, he combined his casino holdings into the publicly held Trump Hotels & Casino Resorts. Wall Street drove its stock above $35 in 1996, but by 1998 it had fallen into single digits as the company remained profitless and struggled to pay just the interest on its nearly $2 billion in debt. Under such financial pressure, the properties were unable to make the improvements necessary for keeping up with their flashier competitors. Problems loomed for Trump's casino resorts. In a May 28, 2004, Wall Street Journal article, Trump said the specter of bankruptcy bothered him "from a psychological standpoint," but added, "it really wouldn't matter that much." A number of his bondholders disagreed. In the same article, Meyer Marvald, a Florida retiree who said he owned about $44,000 of the bonds, claimed "[Trump] has the Sword of Damocles hanging over our heads." On October 21, 2004, Trump Hotels & Casino Resorts announced a restructuring of its debt.[9] The plan called for Trump's individual ownership to be reduced from 56 percent to 27 percent, with bondholders receiving stock in exchange for surrendering part of the debt. Since then, Trump Hotels has been forced to seek voluntary bankruptcy protection to stay afloat. After the company applied for Chapter 11 Protection in November 2004, Trump relinquished his CEO position but retained a role as Chairman of the Board. In May 2005[10] the company re-emerged from bankruptcy as Trump Entertainment Resorts Holdings.[11] [编辑] 品牌With his success in real estate and television, Trump has succeeded in marketing the Trump name on a large number of products. These products include:
[编辑] 媒體中Donald Trump has made appearances as a caricatured version of himself in television series and movies (e.g. Home Alone 2, The Nanny, The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air, Days of Our Lives), as a character (The Little Rascals), and as a guest on various talk shows and other media. In 2004, Trump became the executive producer and host of the NBC reality show, The Apprentice, in which a group of competitors battled for a high-level management job in one of Trump's commercial enterprises. The other contestants were "fired," or eliminated, from the game. The winner of the program is hired by The Trump Organization with a 1-year contract with a salary exceeding $250,000. [來源請求] At the end of each episode, Trump eliminates at least one contestant while uttering the catchphrase "You're fired,". For the first year of the show Trump was paid $50,000 per episode (roughly $700,000 for the first season), but following the show's initial success, he is now paid a reported $3,000,000 per episode, making him one of the highest paid TV personalities. In 2004, Donald Trump filed a trademark application for the phrase "You're fired", which he had popularized on the show. In December 2006, talk show host Rosie O'Donnell criticized Trump on The View for "acting as a moral compass for 20 year olds" after giving a second chance to Miss USA, Tara Conner, who had violated pageant guidelines by partying and drinking. Trump, who owns the rights to the pageant, decided to let Conner retain the Miss USA crown while she pursued rehabilitation.[12] In 2007, Trump received an honor for his contribution of The Apprentice to television by receiving a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. In an interview with CNN in March 2007, Trump discussed the Bush administration with reproach, particularly concerning its handling of Iraq and the recent dismissal of U.S. attorneys controversy. [13] Trump is a known World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE) fan. He hosted WrestleManias IV and V in the Trump Plaza, and also made celebrity appearances at WrestleMania VII and WrestleMania XX, where he was interviewed by former Minnesota governor Jesse "The Body" Ventura. Trump's Trump Taj Mahal in Atlantic City was also host to the 1991 WBF Championship. Trump also took part in a storyline for the WWE that became known as the "Battle of the Billionaires." The storyline, which received extensive mainstream media coverage, began when Trump proclaimed he could "outdo" owner Vince McMahon on any circumstances. McMahon became upset and wanted to fight Trump one-on-one, but the two eventually agreed to each have a wrestler represent them in a "hair vs. hair" match at WrestleMania 23, each man stating that if his designated wrestler for either man were to lose, he would have to have his hair shaved bald. At WrestleMania, Trump's designated wrestler, Bobby Lashley, defeated McMahon designee Umaga. Post-match, Trump, Lashley and special referee "Stone Cold" Steve Austin shaved McMahon bald. Afterward, Austin delivered a Stone Cold Stunner to Trump. In April 2007, Trump topped the Boston Phoenix's annual list of the world's 100 Unsexiest Men. [5] [编辑] 其他事項The Miss Universe Organization is owned by Donald Trump and the National Broadcasting Company (NBC). The organization produces the Miss Universe, Miss USA, and Miss Teen USA pageants. In 2005, Trump launched Trump University, a business education company. In 2006, Trump started Trump Mortgage, a mortgage firm. At some time, Trump launched a new division within the Trump Organization dedicated to food. Eateries include Trump Buffet, Trump Catering, and Trump Ice Cream Parlor. In January 2006, Trump launched GoTrump, an online travel website. In his own words, GoTrump.com is a site dedicated to "the art of the travel deal." The site features some Trump properties as well as other hotels and travel deals worldwide. [编辑] FamilyTrump has three siblings, a brother and two sisters. His older sister, Maryanne Trump Barry, is a federal appeals court judge. Recently released British genealogy records show Trump's mother arrived from Scotland aboard the Transylvania in 1935.[9] [编辑] Wives
In 1977, Trump married Ivana Zelničkova, later Ivana Trump, and together they have three children: Donald, Jr. (born December 31, 1977), Ivanka, (born October 30, 1981), and Eric (born January 11, 1984). They were divorced in 1992.
In 1993, he married Marla Maples and together they have one child, Tiffany, (born October 13, 1993). They divorced on June 8, 1999.
On April 26, 2004, he proposed to Melania Knauss (Melanija Knavs in Slovenian, later Melania Knauss-Trump) from Slovenia. Trump and Knauss (who is 24 years Trump's junior) married on January 22, 2005, at Bethesda by the Sea Episcopal Church on the island of Palm Beach, Florida, followed by a reception at Trump's Mar-A-Lago estate. Among the prominent guests were Bill and Hillary Clinton, Barbara Walters, Tony Bennett, and Rudolph Giuliani. On September 27, 2005, the couple announced that Melania was pregnant with Trump's fifth child. Melania gave birth to a boy, Barron William Trump, on March 20, 2006. [编辑] 書本
[编辑] Properties
[编辑] Selected completed properties
[编辑] Selected current and future developments[编辑] International hotel and tower properties
[编辑] Other properties
[编辑] Other prominent involvementMany developers pay Donald Trump to market their properties and be the public face for their projects. For that reason, Trump does not own many of the buildings that display his name. Some examples are:
[编辑] Notes
[编辑] References
[编辑] External links
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